All of us knows how aircraft lifts, but many of us don't know what makes it to move forward.!!

Aircraft lift can be explained based on Newtons third law at basic level and by Bernoulli's principle at some what advance level of explanation, but how aircraft moves forward 🤔🤔

 Here is a simple explanation,
  The thrust force, which is responsible for forward motion of an aircraft is actually induced by the propellers. Propeller contains 2 or more blades that are made in the shape of an airfoil like wing of an aircraft. When the engine rotates the propeller blades, lift will be produced on the blades (same as that of wings) which acts in horizontal direction. This lift is called thrust and responsible for the forward motion of aircraft.

Add on:  

Propellers are of two types

     1. Tractor propellers - Pull the aircraft through the air

     2. Pusher propellers - Push the aircraft through the air 

and the propellers are the heaviest objects in the design of an aircraft.   

Note:

Content is limited to my knowledge and comment's are positively welcome
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What's a Disc Brake..!!

    Unlike normal Drum brakes which will stops wheel itself, disc brake will decrease speed or stops the rotar, which is directly connected to wheel of bike through hub.

Disc brake consists of 3 main components:

1.Hydraulic fluid along with piston

2.Caliper

3.Break pads

     Whenever break is applied, hydraulic fluid will be released with pressure and the fluid pushes piston to forward direction. Caliper which is connected to piston thus in-turn pushes the break pads on either side of the rotar. This break pads will decrease kinetic energy of the rotar, which is then converted into heat energy. As the rotar is connected to the wheel through the hub, wheel thus comes into halt. 

  If noticed clearly the rotar of the disc break contains pattern of holes. This holes will entrap air which will reduce the heat of the rotar to some extent.

Add on:

There are 4 types of breaking systems as of now:

1. Drum brake

2. Disc brake

3. ABS (Anti locking break system)

4. CBS (Combined breaking system)

    ABS and CBS are advanced breaking technologies where as drum and disc brakes are of commercial brakes. ABS and CBS uses ECU ( electronic control unit) for functioning. HONDA company owned patent for CBS system.

NOTE: Content is limited to author's knowledge and comments are most welcome.

HOW 'MRI' WORKS ??

MRI Stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, originally called as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). To avoid negative impressions among people the word nuclear was removed and finally become MRI.

Underlying Physics:

    By weight average human body contains 60% of water (H-O-H). Hydrogen atoms contains single proton in its nucleus and we all know human body is non magnetic material because all the protons in hydrogen nucleus present in body are randomly oriented in different directions to gain net magnetic moment as zero. 

    A 70 kg human body contains 4.7*10²⁷ hydrogen atoms. This high number of atoms helps to get a precise picture of body organs. Whenever these atoms are exposed to a strong magnetic field they will align themselves parallel to the field 

Components of MRI scanner:

1. Main Magnet

2. Gradient Magnets

3. Radio frequency (RF) coil

Working: 

    Main Magnet will produce high magnetic field which will align all hydrogen atoms in parallel direction of the field 

    Gradient magnets are arranged in X, Y and Z directions and hence useful to take images in 3 Dimensions. These Gradient Magnets increase the Magnetic field locally and made protons inside hydrogen atom to spin in a particular frequency locally.

    RF coil will then send RF waves which are reflected back by spinning Hydrogen atoms and reflected back waves are analysed by computer to convert into image format.

Addon:

Capacity of an MRI is measured in Tesla (T) and the main advantage of this method is we can get the data of body without exposing it to X-rays which are harmful to body. As this uses strong magnetic field patients containing metallic replaced parts in their body cannot utilize this. The intensity of magnetic field is so high such that it can even lift a car and hence all precautions should be taken before entering into MRI scanning zone.

    

WHAT'S A SERVER AND HOW IT WORKS ?

Have you ever got a doubt that where a pic or a post that you posted 5 or 10 yrs back in Facebook get stored and how we are able to read them back after many years🤔🤔.......

Simple answer for this question is that all the data/information is stored in Facebook server 

Server:

--->In general definition of server is which serves the purpose. Server in Internet language can be defined as either hardware or software which can store data and can give access to data whenever it is required.

--->Whenever we send a mail or a pic to someone who is not in online the pic or data should be stored somewhere so that it can be delivered to target person when he is in online. The data will get stored in server and it keeps a copy of the data with it and sends it to target whenever he is in online.

--->The capacity of server depends on the traffic of that particular website. Facebook has admitted that its users utilize around 7PB (PB = 1e+15 bytes) of photos storage from its facility every month. Data centers are maintained all over the world and they require continuous power supply. Google's data centers use around 260 million watts of power which account to 0.01% of global energy. This power is enough to consistently power 2,00,000 homes.

Add on :

Processed data is known as information. 

If we say 5 its data

If we say 5 Kg its an information. Any thing that has some meaning is known as information.

Server's is of 2 types

1.  Dedicated servers: Works 24 x 7 and have high end capacities and capabilities to handle traffic

2. Non Dedicated servers: Even we can make our laptops or desktops as servers by installing software's and these comes under Non Dedicated servers.

Note: Content is limited to my knowledge and comments are most welcome..🙂🙂

How Xerox machine do our tasks much simpler ?

To understand the working of a photo copier (Xerox machine), let me first explain about "PHOTO-CONDUCTOR"

~~~> The word itself says that it becomes conductor when exposed to light.

~~~>  Photo-conductivity is a electrical phenomenon where photo-conductor becomes electrically charged when exposed to light.

     Go back to your school days and remember the days when we used to rub pen caps to our hair and make the cap to attract small pieces of paper......What happens in this process is that while rubbing cap to our hair we are making cap charged with static electricity which will then attract small pieces of paper. This simple phenomenon is used in a photo-copier.

Main components of photo-copier:

1. Source of light

2. Photo-conductor mounted on a drum

3. Toner (Ink) along with developer

4. Fuser unit

Working:

 ~~~> When you place a document inside a xerox machine and press 'start' , a beam of light from light source will falls on the document at an angle. 

~~~> The light which falls on the white area of the document will get reflected back and which falls on "text or image of document" will get observed.

 ~~~> Reflected light will fall back on photo-conductor and makes it electrified based on the pattern of reflected light. The drum will then rotates photo-conductor towards the toner along with paper, where developer in the toner made the ink powder electrically charged. Thus the ink powder will get attracted to the paper as per the pattern of charge on Photo conductor.

~~~> This paper with the toner on it will pass to the Fuser unit where the toner on the paper will get heated up or pressurized to turn it into ink and made it to permanently stick to the paper.

Add-on:

Chester carlson inventor of photo copying, had a job which requires him to make large number of copies of important papers . Then he did experiments using photo conductivity and finally end up with this idea. Carlson tried to sell his invention to companies including IBM and General Electric but he was turned down. 

Note: Content is limited to my knowledge and comments are most welcome....😊

HOW 3D glasses WORK 👀👀🤔🤔

HeYY guYs I'm here to let you aware of 3D glasses working and the small concept behind the working...
 Here we go.....

Vision:    

First let me explain basic part of our vision. Our eyes are placed little bit apart from each other (2 inches), so the angle of view of each eye to the same object is different. So when we see any object, our eyes have a different angle of view of the same object, known as PARALLAX. But our sharp brain (not mine) will club both the views and put a single view in to our final vision. 

3D image:

3D image is nothing but a overlap of two pics of same image in slightly different angle of view so our brain will get confuse to analyse the image without 3D glasses. 

See any 3D image, now you can feel that 

nothing is there in that, except 

overlapping of two pics having slightly different angle of view. while making a 3D image, different angle of view is captured with different contrasts.

3D glasses:

Right and left lens of 3D glasses are different in their functioning. Each of the lens will allow a particular contrast of colour to pass through. So when we put 3D glasses, the left lens will allow a different angle of view from right lens creating a 3D impact to our brain.

CONTENT IS LIMITED TO MY KNOWLEDGE AND COMMENTS ARE MOST WELCOME...

Gun silencer (Suppressor)

How sound from fired bullet will be suppressed by silencer?🤔🤔

Function of gun: 

To know the working of silencer (most commonly called as suppressor), it's better to first understand what happens inside a gun when we fire a bullet. when bullet is fired, gun powder at the back of the bullet gets ignited and pushes the bullet forward same as in case of rocket launching. The pressure generated will be so high  to enable to give sufficient Initial velocity to bullet. After bullet passes out from the gun, propellant gas inside the gun will be exposed to atmosphere, creating a disturbance in surrounding air in the form of sound waves.

Suppressor:

So to decrease sound,  propellant gases must be allowed to expand in a better manner. That's what exactly a suppressor does. Suppressor contains chambers to expand the propellant gases gradually, where the propellant gas is slow down and gets cooled and hence pressure inside the suppressor will drops down and even after exposed to atmosphere disturbance created is negligible. Generally suppressor's reduces the intensity of sound from 140 dB to 20 dB (approximately).

But the sound generated from the flight of bullet can't be suppressed by suppressor

NOTE: CONTENT IS LIMITED TO MY KNOWLEDGE AND COMMENTS ARE MOST WELCOME